Background and Aim: ZOE has been used in different fields of dentistry for many years. A locally produced component (Zoliran) has been recently introduced to the marketwith similar characteristic to the original Zonalin. Because of a lower cost involved to use Zoliran cement and its availability, confirm reliability of its physical properties. This investigation was designed to assess the compressive strength of Zoliran cement in comparison to Zonalin cement as the standard material. Materials and Methods: Five samples with dimension of 4mmx6mm of each cement were provided and stored in distilled water in 370C±10C for a period of 24 hours. The lowest load of force was registered as the reference to which the sample could be broken by(according to the criteria No: 30 of ANSIIADA). The value of compressive strength was then calculated using the following formula (K =4F/πD2 ). Results: The mean compressive strength of five samples was measuredas: 14.33 Mpa for Zoliran cement and 31.83 Mpa for Zonalin cement. The mean compressive strength of Zonalincement was significantly higher than the mean suggested in ANSl/ADA Specification No.30. The mean compressivestrength of Zoliran cement was also lower than the mean value registered in ANSI/ADA SpecificationNo.30. Conclusion: compressive strength of Zoliran cement was significantlylower than that of Zonalin cement. Further tests are required to compare the other physical properties of this material before it can be clinically recommended.

The importance of understanding three-dimensional spacer fabrics properties, is a reason to the development of rapid and accurate methods for determining properties, due to their numerous applications in various industries. In most applications, spacer fabrics are affected by tension; therefore, knowing their behaviour in the encounter with tension is important. The purpose of this paper is to investigate on deformation of the spacer fabric and determine the local displacements in this fabric under tension. So, the digital image correlation method was used, that is a usual method of determining the displacements and deformation of a structure under external loading. Deformation behaviour of the diamond shape unit the of spacer fabrics structure at different tensile strains, based on experimental observations and theoretical analysis using video processing and digital image correlation method was investigated in the course and wale direction. The fabric unit deformation, the distribution of the local displacements and longitudinal and transverse strain of fabric were determined using video processing and compared with experimental method. Comparison of results showed that video processing method is able to calculate the local displacement in fabric and predict the longitudinal and transverse strain at different tensile strains with an error coefficient less than 10%.

strength measurement of rock requires testing that must be carried out on test specimens with particular sizes in order to fulfill testing standards or suggested methods. Often, the coring process breaks up the weaker core pieces, and they are too small to be used in either index tests or conventional strength tests such as point load index (Is) and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS). One of the index tests to indirectly determine the rock strength is the block punch index (BPI) test, which requires flat disc specimens without special treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the BPI test for predicting the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), BTS and IS of the sandstones by empirical equations. Also, we have compared the performance of the BPI and IS for predicting the UCS and BTS. It was experimentally shown that BPI is a reliable method for predicting the UCS, BTS and Is of the sandstones under study. Moreover, the results indicate that BPI could be utilized with same importance as Is for predicting the UCS, while predicting the BTS by Is appears to be more reliable than BPI.

digital image correlation as a well-established strain measurement technique is commonly employed for material characterization purposes. However, several parameters should usually be decided by users to attain accurate results with minimum processing time while there are few definite recommendations for the selection of these parameters. In the present study, the optimum setting of digital image correlation parameters is examined in order to minimize the processing time and sensitivity to the selection of parameters, and practical directions are advised to improve the efficiency of the technique. The performance of a typical analysis for the derivation of strain field and measurement of tensile modulus of a unidirectional carbon/epoxy composite laminate subjected to monotonic loading is experimentally assessed. The influence of setting parameters on the accuracy of measurement and the computational time required for the process is examined. The mutual influence of these parameters is also analyzed and discussed. Comparison of results shows the sensitivity of outputs to the selection of investigating parameters i.e. subset radius, subset spacing, and region of interest. The results show that an efficient gain from the maximum available region of digital images reduces the sensitivity of the analysis to these parameters. Moreover, the error introduced to the results is slightly increased by the increase of subset spacing while this influence can be diminished by enlarging the subset radius.

The improvement of compressive and tensile strength of concrete has a great importance in the construction industry. In this study, cubic samples constructed in a dimension of 150times150times150 mm containing different amounts of macro-synthetic (0. 1 and 0. 15 vol. %) and polymeric fibers (0. 2, 0. 3, and 0. 35 vol. %) by means of seven mix designs. compressive and splitting tests were performed using a universal testing machine. For each specimen, stress-strain and load-displacement behaviors, absorbing energy, ductility and crack patterns were investigated. In order to analyze the strain variations on the surface of the specimens digital image correlation (DIC) was applied. Moreover, finite element method (FEM) was conducted to evaluate the experimental results. The results of this study show that the presence of fibers in concrete has a significant effect on reducing size and number of cracks, and increases displacement compared to conventional concrete. In addition, displacement at the failure moment in tension and pressure for fiber contained concrete was more than the control specimen. According to the observations, addition of the fibers reduces compressive and tensile strength. However, it is so obvious from the results that by choosing the optimal amount, this reduction would be neglected in comparison with the positive effects of the fibers. Finally, the results indicate an acceptable agreement between the FEM and DIC evaluations. Therefore, considering the low cost and high speed of analysis with FEM and DIC methods, it is possible to combine these two methods as a useful tool to determine the surface characteristics of such specimens.

Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs) are a type of composite material known for their high specific strength. These laminates are designed, as being lightweight, to offer exceptional resistance and strength. This characteristic makes FMLs widely utilized in the aviation industry and aircraft body construction. In this research, the tensile behavior of GLARE (Glass Laminate Aluminum Reinforced Epoxy) is experimentally investigated. GLARE specimens are made of aluminum 2024-T3 plates with a thickness of 0.8 mm and woven glass fibers (E-glass, 200g/cm2) reinforced epoxy, known as GFRE. The layering arrangement in GLARE 2/1 and 3/2 samples consists of Al/GFRE/Al and Al/GFRE/Al/GFRE/Al, respectively. The approximate thickness of GLARE 2/1 and 3/2 specimens is 2.32 mm and 3.88 mm, respectively. The samples are produced using the hot plate method. First, samples are cured at room temperature for 7.5 hours and then continued the curing process for an additional 6 hours under 40°C temperature and 3-bar pressure. tensile test samples are prepared in accordance with the ASTM D3039 standard and tested under quasi-static conditions. The Poisson's ratio of the GLARE samples was evaluated in comparison to that of aluminum using digital image correlation (DIC). The results indicated an 8.8% increase in tensile strength for GLARE 3/2 compared to that obtained for GLARE 2/1. Furthermore, the Poisson's ratio for GLARE 2/1 and 3/2, compared to aluminum, exhibited reductions of 17% and 27%, respectively. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the GFRE layer were accurately predicted using the Rule-of-Mixture.

This paper presents output of an experimental research program to relate various properties of cement sand mixes with its compressive strength. Since a designer always knows the target compressive strength, the findings of this paper immediately provide him with a realistic estimate of the remaining important properties of cement sand mixes.This investigation includes cement sand mortars and micro-concretes, each of two different varieties. Cement sand mortars were made of four different proportions whereas micro-concretes were of two different proportions. Three water cement ratios with varying dosage of super plasticizers were also used for each of the six mixes. The proportion of 1:6 cement sand mortar was studied in further detail by adding water proofing compound (WPC i.e. Impermo) and silica fume in different proportions. The relationships between cylindrical compressive strength, split tensile strength and water permeability have been established.

In the feasibility studies used for the correct use of this side product, it was decided to investigate the effect of this substance in a light concrete. Due to the low specific gravity, the lightweight concrete is less resistant compared to other concretes. So, in this study, the effect of nanocrystalline silica nano and micro and macro silica fibers, a mineral extracted on the mechanical properties of light concrete, including the compressive strength and tensile strength, were investigated. The results showed the improvement of the mechanical properties of the light concrete for the use of nano silica to 4% cement weight. By combining nanosilica with micro silica and its effect on the mechanical properties of concrete, we found that the highest compressive strength was in using 2% nano silica and 8% micro silica. However, the combination of the nano-silica with a percentage of more than 8% of micro silica reduced the mechanical properties of the sample. Also, the mixing of macro-silica in concrete up to 25% increased the tensile and compressive strength.